Transformasi Hukum Islam di Era Digital: Prinsip Syariah dalam Transaksi Online
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59966/yudhistira.v3i3.2132Keywords:
Digital Era, Islamic Law, Online Transactions, Sharia PrinciplesAbstract
The development of digital technology has disrupted the classical Islamic legal order, giving rise to new forms of legal interaction that have not been accommodated within the traditional fiqh structure. This study critically analyzes three main issues: the validity of electronic signatures, the problematic nature of digital contracts, and the potential for gharar in online businesses. This study combines analysis of classical Islamic legal sources such as the works of Imam Syafi'i and Al-Mawardi, the positive legal provisions in Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE Law), and fatwas from the National Council of Islamic Scholars (DSN-MUI) regarding digital transactions and the sharia economy. The results show that although electronic signatures and digital contracts have gained positive legal legitimacy, they do not fully fulfill the elements of a valid contract from a fiqh perspective due to the absence of explicit ṣīghat and the potential for weak consent of the parties, while digital business models such as dropshipping and pre-orders have the potential to contain gharar due to unclear ownership and high speculative risks. This study confirms that formal legal recognition of digital transactions does not necessarily guarantee their compliance with sharia principles, so that contemporary ijtihad based on maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah and istinbāṭ methods such as qiyās, istihsān, and maslahah mursalah are needed to reconstruct Islamic law that is adaptive to digital transformation while still upholding the values of justice, transparency, and voluntariness in every transaction.
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