Pesantren dan Reproduksi Kelas Menengah Indonesia: Studi atas Pesantren Wirausaha Kebon Cinta dan Pesantren Bina Insan Mulia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59966/isedu.v3i2.2558Keywords:
Middle Class, Pesantren, Social Reproduction, Student Entrepreneurship, Islamic EducationAbstract
This study aims to examine three issues: (1) the contribution of pesantren and their graduates to the formation of the middle class in Indonesia; (2) the strategies pesantren employ to reproduce the middle class; and (3) the challenges they face in this process. The study uses a qualitative approach with a naturalistic method and a case-study design at two pesantren in Cirebon, namely Pondok Pesantren Wirausaha Kebon Cinta and Pondok Pesantren Bina Insan Mulia. Data were collected through guided open interviews, observation, and document review, then analyzed descriptively using triangulation. The findings show that the two pesantren reproduce the middle class through different yet complementary pathways: Kebon Cinta emphasizes practical entrepreneurship education (business management, marketing, and student bazaars), whereas Bina Insan Mulia emphasizes leadership, English proficiency, and further study at domestic and overseas universities. The main strategies include curriculum modernization, strengthening the pesantren economy, the use of technology, and alumni networking. The principal challenges include gaps in educational and economic access, social stigma, weak links to industry, and limited capital. The study concludes that pesantren can be effective instruments of social mobility when supported by the strengthening of students’ economic, cultural, and social capital
References
Auliya, H., Abubakar, H. S., & Maliki, N. (2019). Pesantren and tolerance: Looking at the faces of santri tolerance in Babakan Ciwaringin Cirebon. Jurnal Penelitian, 16(2), 127–146. https://doi.org/10.28918/jupe.v16i2.2276
Bizawie, Z. M. (2019). Jejaring ulama Diponegoro: Kolaborasi santri dan ksatria membangun Islam kebangsaan pada awal abad ke-18. Pustaka Compass.
Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. G. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 241–258). Greenwood Press.
Bruinessen, M. van. (2008). Traditionalist and Islamist pesantrens in contemporary Indonesia. In F. A. Noor, Y. Sikand, & M. van Bruinessen (Eds.), The madrasa in Asia: Political activism and transnational linkages. Amsterdam University Press.
Darmaji, A. (2018). Kelas menengah santri dan proses demokratisasi di Indonesia. Refleksi, 17(1), 1–22.
Dhofier, Z. (2011). Tradisi pesantren: Studi tentang pandangan hidup kiai. LP3ES.
Geertz, C. (1960). The religion of Java. University of Chicago Press.
HS, M. (2016). Kebangkitan santri cendekia: Jejak historis, basis sosial, dan persebarannya. Compass.
Jati, W. R. (2016). Membangun partisipasi politik kelas menengah Muslim Indonesia. Epistemé: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman, 11(2), 375–402. https://doi.org/10.21274/epis.2016.11.2.375-402
Madjid, N. (1997). Bilik-bilik pesantren: Sebuah potret perjalanan. Paramadina.
Mahfudh, S. (1999). Pesantren mencari makna. Fatma Press.
Maliki, N. (2023). Pesantren di era disrupsi (Supriyadi, Ed.). Maghza.
Maliki, N., Auliya, H., Rubiyad, A., Lutfi, L., & Yusuf, M. (2022). Islamic boarding school transformation in the era of disruption (Case study of Bina Insan Mulia Islamic Boarding School in Cirebon). ICOBBA, 1(2), 125–134. https://doi.org/10.51773/icobba.v1i2.69
Nafi, M. D. (2007). Praksis pembelajaran pesantren. Forum Pesantren Yayasan Selasih.
Nasir, A. (2019). Pemberdayaan kewirausahaan santri pada Pesantren Yanbu’ul Qur’an Kudus. Edukasia: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam, 14(1), 179–204.
Prayitno, P. (2016). Pemberdayaan ekonomi melalui entrepreneurship di Pondok Pesantren Al-Ashriyyah Nurul Iman Parung. Quality, 4(2), 310–331.
Rahman, T. (2023). Ruang dan identitas sosial: Reproduksi identitas kelas menengah Muslim di Pesantren Ar Risalah Padang. Jurnal Sosiologi Andalas, 9(1), 65–77.
Robison, R. (2008). Indonesia: The rise of capital. Allen & Unwin.
Sunyoto, A. (2017a). Atlas Walisongo. Pustaka IIMaN.
Sunyoto, A. (2017b). Fatwa dan resolusi jihad: Sejarah perang rakyat semesta di Surabaya, 10 November 1945. Lesbumi PBNU & Pustaka Pesantren Nusantara.
Surya, A. (2006). Pembentukan kelas menengah kota: Peran dan implikasi keberadaannya terhadap percepatan pembangunan. Jurnal Industri dan Perkotaan, 11(18), 1166–1186.
Wahid, A. (1995). Pesantren sebagai subkultur. In M. D. Rahardjo (Ed.), Pesantren dan pembaharuan. LP3ES.
World Bank. (2020). Aspiring Indonesia: Expanding the middle class. World Bank. [mohon verifikasi judul dan tahun terbit]
Ziemek, M. (1986). Pesantren dalam perubahan sosial. P3M.
Zuhri, S. (1999). Pendidikan pesantren di persimpangan jalan. In M. Wahid & Suwendi (Eds.), Pesantren masa depan: Wacana pemberdayaan dan transformasi pesantren. Pustaka Hidayah.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Majdudin Nurul Huda
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.